Quick Overview

• U.S. Durable goods rose by 3.3% in September to $199.2 billion.

• U.S new home sales rose 6.6% in September to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 307,000 units. The median sales price for those homes was $223,800, while the average sales price was $257,500.

• U.S. Initial jobless claims decreased by 21,000 to 434,000 in the week ended Oct. 23, the lowest since early July.

• YoY industrial profits in 24 Chinese provinces and regions rose 53.5% in the January-September period.

• Eurozone economic confidence continued to rise in October, the ESI for the 16-nation bloc increased by 2 points to 104.1. And for the 27-member European bloc, the ESI also rose to 104.1 points, up by 1 point.

• The German unemployment rate fell by 7.5% YoY, staying at about 2.9 million, the lowest level since 1992.

• About 2.5 % of Thailand’s cane-growing area has been damaged in the country’s worst flooding in five decades, said the secretary-general of the Office of the Cane and Sugar Board.

• India's sugar output is expected to jump by nearly a half in the new 2010-2011 season from October, with a bigger cane crop and improved yields after late rains, the chief of Sucden India said.

No update today

QuickOverview

• Home prices in 20 U.S. cities rose at a slower pace than forecast in August from a year earlier, reflecting slumping sales as the effects of a tax credit waned. The S&P/Case-Shiller index of property values increased 1.7% from August 2009.

• The Conference Board’s confidence index rose to 50.2 from a revised 48.6 in September

• U.K. third-quarter GDP grew 0.8% QoQ and 2.8% YoY, possibly easing pressure on the Bank of England to stimulate the economy with more quantitative easing.

• Russian Federal State Statistics Service, or Rosstat, said on Tuesday food prices in the country rose 9.2% in the period of January to September, 6 times the 1.5% seen in the EU.

• Record sugar prices on Brazil's local market could induce mills to buy back more sugar from exporters to be sold locally. "As long as local prices are higher than those abroad, it is quite natural that this will continue happening," said Arnaldo Correa, director at Archer Consulting.

• The worst flooding for decades in Thailand has swamped thousands of acres of farmland. Thailand is the world's biggest rice exporter, the top rubber exporter and the second-biggest sugar exporter.

• USDA crop condition report for wheat, the first of the season, placed 47% of the crop in good/excellent condition -- the worst start in fifteen years.
  
  
  
  

Toxic Brew Most of these bodies call themselves “free market thinktanks”, but their trick, as (Astro)Turf Wars points out, is to conflate crony capitalism with free enterprise, and free enterprise with personal liberty.

The WikiLeaks Iraq Logs
A Protocol of Barbarity The online whistleblower platform WikiLeaks is posting close to 400,000 US military reports from the Iraq war on the Web. The logs show in detail how brutally the war was waged and the helplessness with which the United States acted. By SPIEGEL Staff

Quick Overview

• The Treasury Department sold $10 billion in 5-year Treasury Inflation Protected Securities on Monday at a yield of negative -0.55%, the first time the yield on the maturity has come in below zero.

• Czarnikow expects Sugar consumption to rise 50% over next 20 years

• The National Association of Realtors said US existing home sales rose 10% to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 4.53 million, from a downwardly revised 4.12 million in August.

• (Telegraph) In an article published in Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities, Dr Crosthwaite says that the willingness of banks to deal in subprime loans and related derivatives, which were bound to result in disastrous losses, can only be understood if the bankers unconsciously desired the destruction of their own institutions.. Dr Crosthwaite argues that such catastrophic losses can be sources of masochistic pleasure for those who experience them.

• Chinese imports of Australian ore reached 26 million tonnes in September, up 34 % MoM.

• U.S. scientists said Monday that large amounts of oil have accumulated on the Gulf of Mexico seafloor, contradicting earlier statements by federal officials that the oil leaking from BP's damaged underwater well had largely gone.

• MoM Industrial new orders in the euro zone rose by 5.3% in August

• WTO says U.S. ban on China poultry products illegal

• (Bloomberg) -- Thailand’s government halted sales of rice from state stockpiles because of concern that floods will damage crops and reduce production of the grain

German boom creates ECB policy nightmare as south lags
"Germany is recovering brilliantly," said S&P's Jean-Michel Six. "Its products are not price-sensitive to the exchange rate. It is entering a virtuous circle where exports lead to capital spending, leading in turn to consumption after years of quasi death."

Quick Overview

• Bloomberg / Businessweek 10/31/2010: The top 20% richest Americans own 84% of the nation’s total wealth. The poorest 20% own 0.1%

• (FT) Finance ministers, meeting this weekend in the South Korean city of Gyeongju, agreed for a policy framework to contain large current account surpluses and deficits, but a proposal to set specific targets ran into opposition.

• (FT) Overlay Asset Management, a $20bn foreign exchange manager, is launching a currency basket it claims represents a "virtual world reserve currency".

• (Reuters) - Britain's finance minister George Osborne is unnecessarily risking the economic recovery with his deep spending cuts; the country's new Nobel Prize winning economist was quoted as saying on Saturday.

• WikiLeaks said on Saturday its release of nearly 400,000 classified U.S. files on the Iraq war showed 15,000 more Iraqi civilians died than previously thought.

• Google said its "Street View" cars around the world "accidentally" collected more personal data than previously disclosed, and that it was changing its privacy practices.

• (Reuters) Israel cannot use the Biblical concept of a promised land or a chosen people to justify new settlements in Jerusalem or territorial claims, a Vatican synod on the Middle East said on Saturday.

• QoQ Australian producer prices rose 1.3% in Q3 of 2010 and rose 2.2% YoY
  
• Japan’s exports climbed 14.4% YoY
  
  
• Russia extended its ban on grain exports to July 1
  
  

The Next Idiot Might Be You More than one hundred fifty years ago, two candidates for state senate conducted a series of seven debates, vying for control of the Illinois state legislature. The main issue was slavery. The first candidate had 60 minutes to speak. The second, then had 90 minutes to both deliver his own speech and rebuttal. Then 30 minutes were offered to the first speaker. One was Abraham Lincoln. The other, Stephen Douglas. Which of our national politicians, or talk show hosts, is up to that exercise? Sixty minutes on the mortgage crisis, Wall Street, and the economy.

Today, rigorous debates mostly take place in a side-current of high school and college extra-curricular activities. It is not exactly a lost art. A fair percentage of the million plus attorneys in the U.S. learned the skill of debate at some point in their training. Think about the intellectual qualifications to organize a thirty minute rebuttal; thoughtfulness, mastery of complex subjects, the ability to communicate and to build a line of logic that is understandable. Imagine giving Sarah Palin that challenge.

Quick Overview

• U.S. Initial jobless claims fell by 23,000 to 452,000 in the week ended Oct. 15

• Russia to privatize 900 state enterprises by 2015

• IMF Director for Asia Pacific Region Anoop Singh said Asia remains firmly in the lead of the global economic recovery and strong growth in the region is set to continue.

• The German government raised 2010 economic growth estimate to 3.4 % from April's 1.4 %

• Chinese officials said China processed 8.49 million barrels of crude oil per day in September, 6.6% more than last year and its second highest level ever.
• China’s Q3 GDP rose 9.6% YoY
• China’s Sept. CPI rose 3.6 % YoY
• China’s Sept. industry output rose 13.3% YoY
• Rice supply concerns underpin gains as Typhoon Megi approaches coastal China crop areas.

• US crude inventories rose by 700,000 bbl to 361.2 million bbl
• Gasoline stocks rose 1.2 million bbl to 219.3 million bbl
• Distillate fuel inventories fell 2.2 million bbl to 170.1 million bbl

No update today

Quick Overview

• Bank of China lifts deposit rates a quarter of a percentage point.

• (Bloomberg) Silver exports from China, the world’s largest, may drop about 40 percent this year as domestic demand from industry and investors climbs, according to Beijing Antaike Information Development Co.

• U.S. housing starts rose by 0.3% in September

• (Bloomberg) Commodities will rally if the U.S. Federal Reserve eases monetary policy next month, according to UBS AG, which describes a likely second round of quantitative easing as a “game changer” for copper, gold and palladium

• Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner vowed on Monday that the United States would not devalue the dollar for export advantage. (No kidding)

• Basel III is “strengthening” bank capital requirements, by increasing the minimum common equity requirement to a total of 7% from the current 2.5%. (WOW)

• (Bloomberg)Wall Street bailout returns 8.2% profit beating treasury bonds
  
  

Quick Overview

• Brazil's sugar output for the 2010-2011 crop season is expected to reach 40.5 million metric tons, said F.O. Licht on Monday.

• The Philippines may lose 600,000 metric tons of its rice crops because of Typhoon Megi

• Rice production in Australia may quadruple next harvest as heavier-than-usual rainfall boosts water supplies following a decade of drought.

• (Bloomberg) -- Confidence among U.S. homebuilders rose in October to the highest level in four months, a sign residential construction is stabilizing at depressed levels.

• The cost of living in New Zealand rose 1.1% in Q3

• Grain-hauling ships have been blocked since Oct. 16 at ports in Ukraine, the world’s largest exporter of barley.

• Citigroup, the US bank part-owned by the American taxpayer, posted better-than-expected third-quarter net profits of $2.2bn.

• China must make a "major breakthrough" to restructure and rebalance its economy, the Communist party said in a five-year plan.

• (Spiegel) The world is gathered in Japan this week in an effort to put an end to the extinction of plant and animal species across the globe. But while everyone agrees that biodiversity is important, the conference may fail anyway -- partially because the Americans don't seem interested.Industrial

• Industrial Production in the U.S.  fell 0.2 %

Quick Overview

• Elwyn Taylor on Twitter: Omen? La Niña development to date is most like 1973, the next year (1974) was not good for US corn.

• Typhoon Megi gathered strength as it barreled towards the northern Philippines on Monday, with authorities evacuating thousands of villagers to safer ground hours before it was to hit land. State weather forecasters said Megi has developed into a super typhoon and was expected to slam into the extreme northern Philippines by Monday and then cut westwards towards the South China Sea.

• (WSJ) Zambian locals rioted and blocked a road leading to Chinese-owned Collum Coal Mine Ltd. on Saturday to protest the shooting of at least 11 miners, allegedly by Chinese supervisors during a protest over low wages, police officials said Sunday.

• (Bloomberg) -- The Bank of England will increase its emergency bond-purchase plan by 100 billion pounds ($160 billion) to aid the economy as the government cuts spending, the Centre for Economics and Business Research said.

• (Bloomberg) -- China’s medium and heavy rare earths reserves may last 15 years to 20 years at the current rate of production

• (FT) Charles Evans, president of the Chicago Fed, said that “in my opinion, much more policy accommodation is appropriate today” because “the US economy is best described as being in a bona fide liquidity trap”, a point where ultra-low interest rates and high savings rates conspire to make monetary policy ineffective.

The Subprime Debacle: Act 2" But once mortgage loan securitization happened, things got sloppy...they got sloppy by the very nature of mortgage-backed securities.
"The whole purpose of MBSs was for different investors to have their different risk appetites satiated with different bonds. Some bond customers wanted super-safe bonds with low returns, some others wanted riskier bonds with correspondingly higher rates of return.
"Therefore, as everyone knows, the loans were 'bundled' into REMICs (Real-Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits, a special vehicle designed to hold the loans for tax purposes), and then "sliced & diced"...split up and put into tranches, according to their likelihood of default, their interest rates, and other characteristics.
"This slicing and dicing created 'senior tranches,' where the loans would likely be paid in full, if the past history of mortgage loan statistics was to be believed. And it also created 'junior tranches,' where the loans might well default, again according to past history and statistics. (A whole range of tranches was created, of course, but for the purposes of this discussion we can ignore all those countless other variations.)
"These various tranches were sold to different investors, according to their risk appetite. That's why some of the MBS bonds were rated as safe as Treasury bonds, and others were rated by the ratings agencies as risky as junk bonds.
"But here's the key issue: When an MBS was first created, all the mortgages were pristine...none had defaulted yet, because they were all brand-new loans. Statistically, some would default and some others would be paid back in full...but which ones specifically would default? No one knew, of course. If I toss a coin 1,000 times, statistically, 500 tosses the coin will land heads...but what will the result be of, say, the 723rd toss? No one knows.

Quick Overview

• The Fed’s Bernanke is a step closer to adopting a formal inflation target saying that most of the body’s officials think that price rises should be “2 % or a bit below”.

• U.S. Consumer sentiment index fell to 67.9

• Czech PPI rose to 2.4% YoY

• The U.S. federal government spent $1.294 trillion more than it collected in the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30. The deficit amounted to 8.9% of GDP. That's down from fiscal 2009, when the deficit of $1.416 trillion was 10.0% of GDP.

• Annual inflation in the Eurozone rose to 1.8% in September

• U.S. retail sales rose a stronger-than-expected 0.6% in September, lifted by big-ticket items including autos, electronics and appliances

Currency wars are necessary if all else failsThe atomic bomb, of course, is quantitative easing by the Federal Reserve. America has in effect issued an ultimatum to China and G20: either you stop this predatory behaviour and agree to some formula for global rebalancing, or we will deploy QE2 `a l’outrance’ to flood your economies with excess liquidity. We will cause you to overheat and drive up your wage costs. We will impose a de facto currency revaluation by more brutal and disruptive means, and there is little you can do to stop it. Pick your poison.

Quick Overview

• The number of people who signed up for unemployment benefits rose 13,000 to 462,000

• Spain’s September CPI rose 2.1% YoY

• Bad weather has sharply reduced the South Korean cabbage crop, with some Koreans paying $10-$14/head.

• U.S. wholesale prices rose 0.4% in September.

• The U.S. trade deficit widened by 8.8% in August to $46.3 billion

• Tin is the best performer on the LME this year – so far.

• YoY Japan's wholesale prices dipped 0.1 % in September.

• Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today announced that during this month, USDA will distribute approximately $1.6 billion in annual CRP rental payments and $3.8 billion in final 2010 direct payments to America's farmers and ranchers.

• (Bloomberg) -- CME Group Inc., the world’s largest futures exchange, plans to begin clearing interest-rate swaps next week

• The U.S. DOE said:
  
  Supplies of crude oil fell by 0.4 million barrels in the week ending October 8,
  
  Supplies of gasoline fell by 1.8 million barrels.
  
  Supplies of distillates fell by 0.3 million barrels
  
  

The Values of Everything The acceptance of policies which counteract our interests is the pervasive mystery of the 21st Century. In the United States, blue-collar workers angrily demand that they be left without healthcare, and insist that millionaires should pay less tax. In the UK we appear ready to abandon the social progress for which our ancestors risked their lives with barely a mutter of protest. What has happened to us?

Quick Overview

• China posted a $16.9 billion trade surplus for September. Exports rose 25.1% YoY and imports climbed 24.1%.

• Japanese machinery orders rose 10.1% in August.

• The Environmental Protection Agency may allow ethanol levels in gasoline blends to be as high as 15%, up from the current 10%
• EPA's approval of an increase of ethanol levels in gasoline for model-year 2007 cars and newer fails to extend rally. The increase was expected..

• China imported 40.16 million metric tons of soybeans in the first nine months of the year, up 24.1% on year.
• China imported 460 million tons of iron ore, down 2.5% on year.
• China imported 23.29 million tons of crude in September 35.4% higher than the 17.2 million tons China imported in the corresponding month of 2009.

• Analysts expect Copper demand to outstrip next year’s supply by more than 400,000 tonnes.

• A La Nina event, which has brought wet weather to Australia and drought to Brazil, has strengthened, according to Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology.The La Niña in the Pacific remains a moderate to strong event. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) value of +25 for September was its highest monthly value since 1973.
  
  
• U.K. consumer confidence fell to an 18-month low of 53
• Intel said fourth-quarter sales may total  $11.8 billion, compared with estimates of $11.3 billion

• The USDA thinks that Sugar shipments from Thailand, the second-largest exporter, will decline 20 % next year to 4.7 million metric tons.

• The USDA thinks that Brazil, the world’s largest producer, will see a sugar harvest 3.2% lower next year.

• According to  Reuters, Brazil is preparing to auction off big chunks of the Amazon rainforest to timber companies. By year-end 2.47 millions  acres of forests will go under private management, with 27 million acres privately controlled within five years--that's an area the size of Virginia.

Quick Overview

• (Bloomberg) -- As many as 9 million U.S. mortgages in the foreclosure pipeline or already through the process may face legal challenges because of questions about the validity of documents, according to Morgan Stanley.

• Minutes from the latest Fed meeting kept hopes alive that the central bank would take more action to stimulate the economy.

• Sweden's expects GDP to expand 4.8% in 2010.

• (Bloomberg) -- The rice harvest in the U.S., the world’s fourth-largest exporter last year, may be at least 10 percent smaller than estimated.

• YoY German inflation rose 1.3% in September.

• Indian industrial production registered 5.6 % growth in August much lower than the 10% expected

• Only 41% of Austrians considered saving money as "very important," which decreased by 8% YoY.

• Chicago corn, soybeans, rice etc. resumed to rally on concerns that production this year may fail to meet demand.

Quick Overview

• Barclay’s sees CBOT December corn above $6 per bushel.

• Indonesia is seeking 700,000 metric tons of rice from Vietnam to replenish domestic inventories

• Importers in Bangladesh have bought around 55,000 metric tons white rice from Myanmar at an average price of $375/ton. The absence of India from the export market has forced buyers in Bangladesh to turn to Vietnam and Myanmar.

• Pakistan's exports of rice will likely fall 35% to 3 million metric tons this fiscal year.

• Standard Bank will be dealer and market maker for a new gold ETF to be launched in Hong Kong in October. The Value Gold ETF, to be listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange, will be the first in Asia where the underlying gold will be physically held in Hong Kong rather than in London or Zurich.

• Italy August industrial output rose 1.6% MoM and 9.5% YoY

• Sugar is supported by reports of Brazilian industry buy-backs of sugar from the trade due to a domestic price rally; congestion at Brazilian ports, and a rally in U.S. corn futures, dealers said.

(FT) Speculators at fault for food prices, says pollThe poll shows the French to be most critical of speculators, with 49 per cent of respondents saying they are the main factor behind rising food prices. Similar sentiments were shown in Spain and Germany, where 36 and 35 per cent respectively blamed speculators. In Italy, 28 per cent pointed to government policy, followed by speculators, with 25 per cent. Only 11 and 9 per cent of people in the US and UK respectively fault speculators

(FT) Soaring prices threaten new food crisis
“The combined shortfalls [in the US, Europe, Russia and Ukraine] present a much tighter supply picture than just a few months ago,” the USDA said.

Quick Overview

• The U.S. posted a $1.29 trillion budget deficit for the fiscal year that ended September 30

• The USDA pegged corn production at 12.664 billion bushels, down from 13.160 billion last months and 147 million bushels below trade estimates. Corn yields were pegged at 155.8 bpa. Corn ending stocks fell to 902 million bu, down from 1.708 million last year .These numbers s represent 57.8 days of supply -- the second tightest in the past 35 years.
• The USDA pegged wheat stocks at 853 million bushels down from 902 million last month
• The USAD pegged the soybean crop at 3.408 billion bushels and a yield of 44.4bpa. That's down from 3.483 billion and 44.7bpa last month. Ending stocks are now at 265 million down from 350 million last month.

• The U.S. economy lost 95,000 nonfarm jobs in September.

• The Fed faces a difficult decision at next month's policy meeting on whether to offer further stimulus to a U.S. economy that is still growing but only slowly, St. Louis Fed President James Bullard said.

• Ukraine will limit grain exports for the rest of this year, but needs a few days to clarify.

• Indonesia, the world’s third-largest rice producer, may have to import 300,000 metric tons of the grain, the first bulk purchase since 2007, to meet an expected shortfall in government supplies, Bulog executives said.

• (Bloomberg) Las Vegas Strip gambling revenue jumped 21% in August, showing the biggest U.S. casino city is emerging from a record slump.

• Brazil will harvest 3.2% less sugar cane than previously estimated in the year that began May 1, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said.

Quick Overview

• U.S. Jobless claims fell by 11,000 to 445,000 in the week ended Oct. 2, the fewest since July 10.

• Bank of England holds rates at 0.5%.

• The ECB has left its interest rate unchanged at the record low of 1%

• NOAA: Strong La Nina seen in Nov-Jan to stay into 2Q of 2011

• U.S. same-store sales rose 2.8 %

• The French trade deficit widened to 4.93 billion euros (6.88 billion U.S. dollars) in August 2010 on imports growth from 4.42 billion euros (6.18 billion dollars) a month earlier.

Quick Overview

• U.S. employment fell by 39,000 after a revised gain of 10,000 in August. Even if U.S. economy manages to grow, it will be too slow to provide enough jobs needed and high unemployment rate will be a new normal for Americans, said Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz on Wednesday.

• MoM Germany's factory orders rose 3.4% in August

• Euro-zone GDP grew 1% in Q2.

• GE agreed to buy oil-field equipment maker Dresser Inc. for $3 billion.

• South Korea and the European Union sealed a bilateral free trade agreement

• The IMF upwardly revised its projection of world output growth to 4.8% this year mainly because of faster growth driven by emerging and developing economies, but warned that downside risks remain elevated.

• YoY sales of new imported vehicles in Japan, including Japanese brands manufactured abroad, jumped 34.7% in the April-September period.

• The Singapore PMI remained on contraction mode with a reading of 49.5 last month, though it did rise a mere 0.1 point over August, local daily The Straits Times reported.

• The U.S. DOE said:
  
  Crude oil stocks rose 3.1 million barrels
  
  Gasoline stocks fell by 2.6 million barrels
  
  Distillate stocks fell by 1.1 million
  
  
• Australia created a net 49,500 new jobs in September, more than twice the market forecast. The unemployment rate held steady at 5.1 percent.
  
  

The Aliens Are Coming Consider, for example, the walking catfish, which is now colonising China, Thailand and the United States, after escaping from fish farms and ornamental ponds(6). It can move across land at night, reaching water that no other fish species has colonised. It slips into fish farms and quietly works through the stock. It can burrow into the mud when times are hard and lie without food for months, before exploding back into the ecosystem when conditions improve. It eats almost anything that moves.

..But in many parts of the world the policy appears to consist of staring dumbly at the problem while something can be done, then panicking when it’s too late.

Quick Overview

• Japan announced it will buy more bonds and cut its key overnight call rate to a range of 0.0%-0.1%

• Australia held steady on interest rates, bucking expectations by most economists that it would boost rates.

• The Institute of Supply Management’s non-manufacturing index rose to 53.8 per cent from 51.5 per cent in August.

• Silver continues to outperform gold, with the number of ounces of silver needed to buy an ounce of gold slipping to a one-year low at 59.15.

• The US Grains Council estimates China's corn production at 6.22 billion bushels, down 320 million from USDA's estimate and down 280 million from China's estimate.

Quick Overview

• U.S. factory orders fell by 0.5% in August

• National Association of Realtors said its pending U.S. home sales index rose to 82.3 from 78.9 in July.

• YoY September consumer confidence in Mexico rose to 91.6 from 81.9

• Latvia's industrial output rose 20.5% YoY in September -- a nine-year high.

• WoW US coal use fell 4%, but rose 2% YoY

• Iraq's oil minister boosted the estimate of the country's proven oil reserves to 143.1 billion barrels-- up 25 %

• YoY Russia’s annual inflation rate rose 7% after the country’s worst drought in at least half a century hobbled agricultural output.

• Global steel demand growth will decelerate next year as China’s real estate market weakens and consumption in Japan falls, the World Steel Association said.

• YoY the monetary base in Japan rose 5.8% in September

• The head of the IMF Dominique Strauss-Kahn urged major economies to do more to prevent a global currency war.

• The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) of China's manufacturing sector rose to 53.8 % in September, up 2.1% from August

• Despite investment plans to upgrade air cargo terminals at Nagpur, Mumbai and Delhi, lack of aircraft capacity in India and Bangladesh is threatening to roadblock demand expected to grow annually at 10% in the next five years according to the Airports Authority of India.

• Dominic Dyer, chief executive of the Crop Protection Association, said "The U.K. is now only 58.9% self-sufficient food - the lowest figure for 42 years" .

• UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload unit of UPS, said it will institute an average 5.9% general rate increase later this month.

• Robert Edwards, the father of in vitro fertilisation, has received this year's Nobel prize.The

• Economist online: Our voters think that Barack Obama's time in the White House so far has been good for business.

• Arlan Suderman: Rumors that Russia is in to buy US corn following flat price break. Would be massively supportive if true..

• Environmental campaigner and Green party activists Marina Silva, who was raised in the Amazon state of Acre and was illiterate until the age of 16, failed to make the second round but came away with 19% of the Brazilian vote, far higher than pollsters had expected.